At TRUST Lab, we know that cybersecurity can seem overwhelming, but it doesn’t have to be. With clear information and the right tools, you can protect your devices and browse with confidence. Today we explain what malware is, the most common types…
The term “malware” comes from “malicious software” and refers to any program or code designed to infiltrate, damage, spy on, or exploit a system without the user’s consent.
Malware can act in many ways:
- Stealing personal information, such as passwords and bank details.
- Monitoring your online activities without your knowledge.
- Blocking access to your own files and demanding a ransom.
- Using your device as part of a cyberattack network.
Cybercriminals use malware for multiple purposes, from financial fraud to espionage or digital sabotage. Any device connected to the internet can be vulnerable, whether it’s a computer, smartphone, or even IoT (Internet of Things) devices such as security cameras or smart TVs.
How does malware spread?
Malware does not appear on a system out of nowhere. Attackers usually introduce it using various techniques:
- Fraudulent emails: Messages containing infected links or files.
- Downloads from suspicious websites: Free or pirated software that hides malicious code.
- Unsecured public Wi-Fi networks: Cybercriminals can intercept information and distribute malware on unprotected networks.
- SMS messages and social media: Malicious links sent by compromised contacts.
- Infected USB devices: USB sticks or hard drives containing malware that run automatically when connected.
Why is malware so dangerous?
Malware is constantly evolving and becoming more sophisticated. It can disguise itself as legitimate software, operate in the background without being detected, and evade many security measures. In addition, attacks can be massive or targeted at specific targets, such as companies, governments, or individuals with valuable information.
To avoid becoming a victim of an attack, it is essential to know the types of malware and learn how to protect yourself.
Types of Malware
Existen varias formas de malware, cada una con un propósito y método de ataque específico. A continuación, te explicamos las más comunes:
Virus
A computer virus is a program that attaches itself to legitimate files and spreads when they are executed. It can damage files, slow down the system, or even cause the device to stop working.
Worm
Unlike viruses, computer worms replicate themselves without the need for a host file. They usually spread through networks and can cause overload on systems and servers.
Trojan
Trojans disguise themselves as legitimate programs to trick users into installing them. Once inside the system, they can allow remote access to hackers or steal confidential information.
Spyware
This type of malware installs itself on a device without the user’s knowledge and monitors their activities. They often capture passwords, bank details, and other sensitive information.
Adware
Adware is not always dangerous, but it is annoying. It displays unwanted ads and even redirects web traffic to malicious sites.
Botnet
A botnet is a network of infected devices that a hacker controls remotely to carry out massive attacks, such as sending spam or DDoS attacks.
Ransomware
This is one of the most dangerous types of malware. Ransomware encrypts the user’s files and demands payment in exchange for the key to unlock them.
How Can You Protect Yourself from Malware?
Now that you know what malware is, how it spreads, and the most common types, it’s time to take the next step: learning how to protect yourself.
Attacks can happen at any time and on any device connected to the internet, so it’s crucial to adopt good cybersecurity practices.
👉 In our next article, we explain step by step how to avoid infections, what tools you can use, and the habits you should maintain to protect your information and devices.
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